Plow.



N0. 882,989. PATENTED OCT. 9, 1906- G. F. MAGNAIR.

PLOW. APPLIGATION FILED 0015.19.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

4 Q WITNESSES:

INVENTOI? No. 832,989. PATENTED QUT. 9, 1908.

C. F. MACH/AIR.

PLOW.

APPLICATION IILBD 0OT.19. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 I r/nmssg: mm flwsn/rofi I 771/ BYMWOHNEYW in: co.,gusnm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES F. MAONAIR, OF DAN SVILLE, NEW YORK.

PLOW.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 9, 1906.

Application filed October 19, 1905. Serial No. 283,361.

breaking the ground for the planting of nur' sery stock.

In setting nursery plants they are planted about ten inches deep and ata slight incline from the vertical in order to facilitate the work ofbudding' and cultivating. It is ab solutely necessary that this slightincline be in the same direction in every rowthat is, if the first rowis set with an incline to the south then every row in the lot must beset with an incline to the south. This is essen tial in order to preventthe trees inclining toward each other as they grow and to insure thespace between the rows whlch is necessary for the passage of a horse andthe cultivator to which he is hitched.

In my new plow the moldboards are both inclined at the same angle to thevertical and meet at the bottom and front in cutting edges. Themoldboards being inclined, the furrow or trench cut by them will havethe same inclination, and since both moldboards are inclined the plow iscapable of use in passing in both directions across the lot or field,which is a decided. advantage over those plows in which one of themoldboards is vertical and which can be used in only one direction,having to return idle or carry furrow in the other direction. A plowwith both moldboards inclined is capable of doing twice as much work, atleast, as a plow having one of its moldboards vertical.

In order that the incline of the trench may be maintained the same upona hillside as upon the level, my new plow is provided trench uniform.

with means whereby either of the wheels may be raised or lowered to chane the inclination of the plow to suit the slope of the ground and tomaintain the incline of the Means are also provided in my new plow formaking the trench of any desired depth within ordinary working limits.Moreover, the plow is so constructed that the driver standing upon thefootboards can instantly change the depth by stepping for- T ward orbackward, thus meeting the exigencies of the instant.

My new plow is fitted with an adjustable marker which may be thrown fromone side to the other of the plow. In order to increase the life of theplow, it is made with a removable point which may be replaced by a newpoint when needed. It is found that the best steel points in certainsoils, especially sandy soils, rapidly dull, and by making the pointrenewable much expense is saved; Between the plow proper and itscarriage an arched attachment is provided. The arched form permits thepassage of stones, sods, and stubble and prevents clogging. v

Experience has taught that about one and one-half inches of soil is leftloose at the top of the trench and that it is necessary to prevent thisloose soil from falling back into the trench further, that the soil atthe top edge of the trench should be made firm. To accomplish theseobjects, the following devices are provided: To each of the moldboardsis secured a projecting member, herein termed a wing. These wings forceback to a distance of about three inches from the edge of the trench thesoil left loose by the cutter. In rear of these wings and adjustablysecured to the plow-beam, one on each side thereof, are spring-steelfollowers, which press the soil around the top of the trench into a firmcondition, and thereby prevent it from falling back into the trench.

Other features of my invention will be referred to hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to provide a plow of the class describedwhich will make a furrow or trench having uniformly-inclined walls,which will form the top of the trench in such manner as to prevent thesoil from falling back into the trench, which will be capableofadjustment in such manner as to vary the depth of the trench on theinstant, and to make trenches of different depths, which will be capableof use upon a hillside equally well as upon a levelfield and infreshly-turned sod-land equally well as in well-fallowed land, whichwill turn a trench in both directions across the field, and which willbe simple in construction, cheap in manufacture, and efiicient inoperation.

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the bestmode now known tome of applying that principle, Figure 1 is. a sideelevation of my new plow.

IIO

Fig.2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear view thereof, and Fig41 is a detail in perspective of the trench-cutter.

The frame of the plow is made up of two side pieces a, hereinaftercalled footboards, and a cross-piece b, hereinafter called the frontboard. To the front board is suitably secured the pole c, and pivotedupon the rear end of the pole c is the marker (1, comprising two rodssecured at right angles to each other, the rod 0 being capable of beingturned about the rod f, as will be readily understood from an inspectionof Figs. 1 and 2. At each end of the front board I) is a holder g, intowhich the rod f falls and by whichthe marker is held. From theconstruction described and shown it will be obvious that the marker maybe readily adjusted for use upon either side of the plow.

The plow is supported upon the wheels h in the following manner: Uponeach of the footboards a and about midway thereof is mounted a toothedsegment 01, through the standard 7' of which passes a shaft 7c, theinner end of which is journaled in the box m and the outer end of whichis fast to the lever n. It will be understood that this construction isthe same upon each side of the plow.

Each of the levers n is provided with a thumb-latch 0 at its upper end,and to the lower end of each of the thumb-latches 0 is secured a rod p,which controls a pawl q, adapted to engage in the teeth of the toothedsegment i. By moving the levers a the distance of the frame from theground may be varied, and by proper adjustment of the le vers n theframe may be suitably inclined. Moreover, the frame is susceptible ofbeing oscillated about the shafts 76 as axes to vary the depth of thetrench on the instant by the driver stepping to the front or to the rearof the wheels while standing upon the footboards a. At the rear of eachof the footboards a is mounted a handle 7.

The trench-former (shown in perspective in Fig. 4) has its side inclinedslightly to the vertical, Fig. 3, and these sides, called moldboardsherein, (and by some denominated .landsidesj) meet at their bottom in acutting edge which insures the plow staying in the ground, and convergetoward the front, where they are formed with countersunk bolt-holes t.Into the narrow slot at left between the front edges of the mold boards8 is fitted the tenon o of the detachable point or cutter w. Boltspassed through the holes t serve to secure the cutter win position. Thetrench-former is secured to the plow-beam :0, which is in turn securedto the front board 5, and extending transversely of the plow, with anend resting upon each of the footboards a, is an arched beam y, to thecentral part of whichissecured a block 2, which in turn is secured tothe rear of the trench-former. At the front and near the top of each ofthe moldboards s is mounted a wing 2, and these wings serve to push backfrom the top of the trench the loose soil to a distance of about threeinches therefrom and to a depth of about one and one-half inches. Toeach side of the plow-beam 0c is pivotally secured a rod 3, throughwhich passes a bolt into the slot 4 in the plow-beam, and therebypermits the free end 5 of the rod 3 to be raised and lowered. The rod 3is of spring-' steel, which causes the follower 5, while yielding to theinequalities of the ground, to press firmly against the earth with whichit comes into contact at the top of the trench and by sliding pressureto put the soil about the top of the trench into such a firm conditionthat it will not fall back into the trench.

My new plow has, among others, the following advantages: Since both themoldboards 8 are equally inclined, it may be used in both directionsacross the field and will cut a trench of uniform inclination of wallsin both directions. By proper adjustment of the levers n the plow may beused upon a hillside to produce a trench of the same inclination ofwalls as it cuts upon the level. Again, by properly setting the levers nthe depth of the trench may be made of the desired magnitude withinworking limits. Further, by working the levers n the plow may be made toturn corners easily. By stepping upon the footboards a the plowman isable to swing the plow about the shafts 7c, and thereby to vary thedepth of the trench upon the instant, as in many cases is neces sary.The arched shape of the beam y permits of the free passage of stones,sods, and

stubble, and so prevents clogging of the plow. The front and bottomedges of the trench-former are sharp, and this tends to keep the plow inthe ground. The detachable and renewable cutter w makes the life of theplow longer than it would otherwise be. The marker cZ being easilyadjusted upon either side of the plow makes the speed with which theplow may be worked greater and the amount of Work done, therefore,greater. The wings 2 and spring-steel followers 5 finish off the top ofthe trench, so that the soil is there left in a firm condition.

What I claim is 1. A trench-former comprising two moldboards both ofwhich are inclined to the vertical and which meet at their bottom toform a thin cutting edge.

2. A trench-former comprising two mold boards both of which are inclinedto the vertical and which meet at their bottom to form a thin cuttingedge and between the front edges of which is mounted a detachablecutter; and said detachable cutter.

3. A trenchformer comprising cutting means and means for moving theloose soil from the top of trench and away from the edge thereof.

4. In a plow, the combination with trenchforming means of means forpressing the soil about the top of the trench into a firm condition.

5. In a plow, the combination with trenchforming means of yieldingdevices for making the soil firm around the top of the trench.

6. In a plow, the combination of a trenchformer; devices projecting onefrom each side of said trench-former near the top thereof; a plow-beam;and yielding devices carried by said pl0w-beam in rear of said devices.

7. A plow made up of two side pieces connected by transverse beams toform a frame; a pair of toothed segments, one on each of said sidepieces intermediate said transverse beams; a j ournal-box on each ofsaid side pieces near said segments; a pair of levers, each of which isjournaled in one of said journal-boXes a wheel upon the lower end ofeach of said levers; a locking device carried by each of said levers forlocking said lever to that one of said segments to which it is adj a-.and rear cent; and a trench-forming device secured to said frame; saidframe being pivoted upon said levers to swing and thereby raise andlower the said device by the operators stepping to the front or rear ofsaid side pieces.

8. A plow comprising the combination of a frame made up of two sidepieces and a front cross-beam connecting the same; said rear cross-beambeing arched upwardly to allow of the passage of brush and the like; atrench-forming device connected to said rear crossbeam; a pair of leversjournaled one in each of said side pieces, whereby said frame may bemade to swing to raise or lower said device by the operators stepping onsaid side pieces in front or rear of the pivotal points of said levers;and wheels mounted upon said levers.

CHARLES F. MAcN AIR.

Witnesses:

JAMES A. BAILEY, FANLoN B. GORHAM.

